% 1. Title: Pittsburgh bridges % % 2. Sources: % -- Yoram Reich & Steven J. Fenves % Department of Civil Engineering % and % Engineering Design Research Center % Carnegie Mellon University % Pittsburgh, PA 15213 % % Compiled from various sources. % % -- Donor: Yoram Reich (yoram.reich@cs.cmu.edu) % -- Date: 1 August 1990 % % 3. Past Usage: % % -- Reich & Fenves (1989). Incremental Learning for Capturing Design % Expertise. Technical Report: EDRC 12-34-89, Engineering Design % Research Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. % -- Qualitative results and runs with original ordering of examples. % using COBWEB. % % -- Reich (1989). Converging to ``Ideal'' Design Knowledge by Learning, % Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Formal Methods in % Engineering Design, pp: 330-349, Colorado Springs, CO, January 1990. % -- Describes a new design method with Bridger (variant of COBWEB) using % this domain. (Also an EDRC report: 12-35-89) % % -- Reich (1989) Combining Nominal and Continuous Properties in an % Incremental Learning System for Design. Technical Report: EDRC 12-33-89. % -- Comparison of performance of Bridger when running on both versions % (V1 and V2) of the database % % -- Reich (1989) Incremental Concept Formation with Mixed Property Types % Unpublished Manuscript. % -- Results using 10 random 10-fold cross-validation test with Bridger % (relative error rate): % Version V1 of the database: % MATERIAL 18.4%, REL-L 38.7%, SPAN 42.7%, T-OR-D 14.7%, TYPE 47.6%. % Version V2 of the database: % MATERIAL 24.2%, REL-L 41.7%, SPAN 39.9%, T-OR-D 14.7%, TYPE 56.5%. % % -- Quinlan (1989) Personal communication. % -- Results of a 10-fold cross-validation test with C4.5, and with % a separate decision tree for each design property obtained the % following error rates on version V1 of the database: % MATERIAL 15%, REL-L 32%, SPAN 32%, T-OR-D 15%, TYPE 44%. % % 4. Number of instances: 108 % % 5. Relevant Information: % % There are two versions to the database: % V1 contains the original examples and % V2 contains descriptions after discretizing numeric properties. % % There are no ``classes'' in the domain. Rather this is a DESIGN domain where % 5 properties (design description) need to be predicted based on 7 % specification properties. % % 6. Number of Attributes: 13: 7 specifications, 5 design description, and 1 % identifier (not used for the classification) % % 7. Attribute Information: % % The type field state whether a property is continuous/integer (c) % or nominal (n). % For properties with c,n type, the range of continuous numbers is given % first and the possible values of the nominal follow the semi-colon. % % % name type possible values comments % ------------------------------------------------------------------------ % 1. IDENTIF - - identifier of the examples % 2. RIVER n A, M, O % 3. LOCATION n 1 to 52 % 4. ERECTED c,n 1818-1986 ; CRAFTS, EMERGING, MATURE, MODERN % 5. PURPOSE n WALK, AQUEDUCT, RR, HIGHWAY % 6. LENGTH c,n 804-4558 ; SHORT, MEDIUM, LONG % 7. LANES c,n 1, 2, 4, 6 ; 1, 2, 4, 6 % 8. CLEAR-G n N, G % 9. T-OR-D n THROUGH, DECK % 10. MATERIAL n WOOD, IRON, STEEL % 11. SPAN n SHORT, MEDUIM, LONG % 12. REL-L n S, S-F, F % 13. TYPE n WOOD, SUSPEN, SIMPLE-T, ARCH, CANTILEV, CONT-T % % % 8. More complicated attributes: % % One can use a hierarchical structure for the Type property. There are two % options. % % option 1 (use examples without modification) % -------- % % Type % / / \ \ % / / \ \ % wood suspen arch truss % / | \ % / | \ % cantilev cont-t simple % % % option 2 (requires changes in the Type property - specified bellow) % -------- % % Type % % / / | \ % / / | \ % wood suspen arch truss % / \ / | \ \ % / \ / | \ \ % tied-a not-tied cantilev cont-t simple arch-t % % % Change the Type property of the following examples (in both V1 and V2): % E28 -> arch-t % E91,E90,E84,E83,E73 -> tied-a % E97,E78,E77,E75,E66,E64,E43 -> not-tied % % % 9. Missing Attribute Values: % Attribute #: # instances with missing values: % 2 1 % 6 27 % 7 16 % 8 2 % 9 6 % 10 2 % 11 16 % 12 5 % 13 3 % % Information about the dataset % CLASSTYPE: nominal % CLASSINDEX: no % @relation bridges-version2 @attribute 'IDENTIF' {E1,E10,E100,E101,E102,E103,E105,E107,E107N,E108,E109,E11,E12,E13,E14,E15,E16,E17,E18,E19,E2,E20,E21,E22,E23,E24,E25,E26,E27,E28,E29,E3,E30,E31,E32,E33,E34,E35,E36,E37,E38,E39,E4,E40,E41,E42,E43,E44,E45,E46,E47,E48,E49,E5,E50,E51,E52,E53,E54,E55,E56,E57,E58,E59,E6,E60,E61,E62,E63,E64,E65,E66,E67,E68,E69,E7,E70,E71,E72,E73,E74,E75,E76,E77,E78,E79,E8,E80,E81,E82,E83,E84,E85,E86,E87,E88,E89,E9,E90,E91,E92,E93,E94,E95,E96,E97,E98,E99} @attribute 'RIVER' {A,M,O,Y} @attribute 'LOCATION' {1,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,2,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,3,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,38.5,39,39.5,39.7,4,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,5,51,52,6,7,8,9} @attribute 'ERECTED' {CRAFTS,EMERGING,MATURE,MODERN} @attribute 'PURPOSE' {WALK,AQUEDUCT,RR,HIGHWAY} @attribute 'LENGTH' {SHORT,MEDIUM,LONG} @attribute 'LANES' {1,2,4,6} @attribute 'CLEAR-G' {N,G} @attribute 'T-OR-D' {THROUGH,DECK} @attribute 'MATERIAL' {WOOD,IRON,STEEL} @attribute 'SPAN' {SHORT,MEDIUM,LONG} @attribute 'REL-L' {S,S-F,F} @attribute 'TYPE' {WOOD,SUSPEN,SIMPLE-T,ARCH,CANTILEV,CONT-T} @data E1,M,3,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,?,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,SHORT,S,WOOD E2,A,25,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,SHORT,S,WOOD E3,A,39,CRAFTS,AQUEDUCT,?,1,N,THROUGH,WOOD,?,S,WOOD E5,A,29,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,SHORT,S,WOOD E6,M,23,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,?,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,?,S,WOOD E7,A,27,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,SHORT,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,MEDIUM,S,WOOD E8,A,28,CRAFTS,AQUEDUCT,MEDIUM,1,N,THROUGH,IRON,SHORT,S,SUSPEN E9,M,3,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,N,THROUGH,IRON,SHORT,S,SUSPEN E10,A,39,CRAFTS,AQUEDUCT,?,1,N,DECK,WOOD,?,S,WOOD E11,A,29,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,MEDIUM,S,WOOD E12,A,39,CRAFTS,RR,?,2,N,DECK,WOOD,?,S,WOOD E14,M,6,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,MEDIUM,S,WOOD E13,A,33,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,?,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,?,S,WOOD E15,A,28,CRAFTS,RR,?,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,?,S,WOOD E16,A,25,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,N,THROUGH,IRON,MEDIUM,S-F,SUSPEN E17,M,4,CRAFTS,RR,MEDIUM,2,N,THROUGH,IRON,MEDIUM,?,SIMPLE-T E18,A,28,CRAFTS,RR,MEDIUM,2,N,THROUGH,IRON,SHORT,S,SIMPLE-T E19,A,29,CRAFTS,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,MEDIUM,S,WOOD E20,A,32,EMERGING,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,N,THROUGH,WOOD,MEDIUM,S,WOOD E21,M,16,EMERGING,RR,?,2,?,THROUGH,IRON,?,?,SIMPLE-T E23,M,1,EMERGING,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,?,?,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,SUSPEN E22,A,24,EMERGING,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,4,G,THROUGH,WOOD,SHORT,S,WOOD E24,O,45,EMERGING,RR,?,2,G,?,STEEL,?,?,SIMPLE-T E25,M,10,EMERGING,RR,?,2,G,?,STEEL,?,?,SIMPLE-T E27,A,39,EMERGING,RR,?,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,?,F,SIMPLE-T E26,M,12,EMERGING,RR,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,SIMPLE-T E30,A,31,EMERGING,RR,?,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E29,A,26,EMERGING,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,?,SUSPEN E28,M,3,EMERGING,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,ARCH E32,A,30,EMERGING,HIGHWAY,?,2,G,THROUGH,IRON,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E31,M,8,EMERGING,RR,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,SIMPLE-T E34,O,41,EMERGING,RR,LONG,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,SIMPLE-T E33,M,19,EMERGING,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,?,G,THROUGH,IRON,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E36,O,45,MATURE,HIGHWAY,?,2,G,THROUGH,IRON,SHORT,F,SIMPLE-T E35,A,27,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E38,M,17,MATURE,HIGHWAY,?,2,G,THROUGH,IRON,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E37,M,18,MATURE,RR,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,SIMPLE-T E39,A,25,MATURE,HIGHWAY,?,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E4,A,27,MATURE,AQUEDUCT,MEDIUM,1,N,THROUGH,WOOD,SHORT,S,WOOD E40,M,22,MATURE,HIGHWAY,?,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E41,M,11,MATURE,HIGHWAY,?,2,G,THROUGH,IRON,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E42,M,9,MATURE,HIGHWAY,LONG,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,SIMPLE-T E44,O,48,MATURE,HIGHWAY,?,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,SUSPEN E43,M,7,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,ARCH E46,A,37,MATURE,RR,LONG,2,G,DECK,STEEL,LONG,F,SIMPLE-T E45,M,14,MATURE,RR,LONG,?,G,THROUGH,STEEL,?,F,SIMPLE-T E47,M,15,MATURE,RR,LONG,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,SIMPLE-T E58,A,33,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E48,A,38,MATURE,HIGHWAY,LONG,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E94,M,13,MATURE,RR,?,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,SIMPLE-T E49,A,34,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,CANTILEV E95,M,16,MATURE,RR,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,SIMPLE-T E87,A,35,MATURE,RR,LONG,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,SIMPLE-T E51,M,6,MATURE,RR,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E50,M,21,MATURE,RR,MEDIUM,?,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,SIMPLE-T E89,M,4,MATURE,RR,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,SIMPLE-T E53,A,28,MATURE,RR,SHORT,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,SIMPLE-T E52,M,2,MATURE,RR,MEDIUM,?,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,CANTILEV E54,Y,?,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,?,G,?,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E56,M,23,MATURE,HIGHWAY,?,?,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E55,A,36,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,SIMPLE-T E57,O,49,MATURE,RR,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,CANTILEV E59,O,43,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,CANTILEV E92,M,10,MATURE,RR,LONG,?,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E61,O,41,MATURE,RR,LONG,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,SIMPLE-T E60,A,24,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,SIMPLE-T E62,A,37,MATURE,RR,LONG,2,N,DECK,STEEL,LONG,F,CONT-T E63,A,31,MATURE,RR,LONG,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E65,A,30,MATURE,WALK,?,?,G,THROUGH,STEEL,?,F,SUSPEN E64,A,29,MATURE,HIGHWAY,SHORT,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,ARCH E66,A,32,MATURE,HIGHWAY,LONG,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,ARCH E70,A,27,MATURE,HIGHWAY,SHORT,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,SUSPEN E69,A,26,MATURE,HIGHWAY,SHORT,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,SUSPEN E101,O,46,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,S-F,CANTILEV E73,A,38,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,?,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,ARCH E72,M,5,MATURE,HIGHWAY,LONG,4,N,DECK,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,CANTILEV E67,M,1,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,CANTILEV E75,A,30,MATURE,HIGHWAY,LONG,4,G,DECK,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,ARCH E74,M,20,MATURE,HIGHWAY,LONG,2,G,DECK,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,CANTILEV E71,A,25,MATURE,HIGHWAY,SHORT,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,SUSPEN E68,M,17,MATURE,HIGHWAY,LONG,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,SIMPLE-T E78,O,40,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,ARCH E77,O,42,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,4,N,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,ARCH E76,M,6,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,SUSPEN E93,M,11,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,4,N,DECK,STEEL,LONG,S-F,CONT-T E79,A,34,MATURE,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,4,G,DECK,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,CANTILEV E108,A,39.5,MODERN,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,4,G,DECK,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,CONT-T E107N,A,39.7,MODERN,RR,SHORT,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,SIMPLE-T E105,A,38.5,MODERN,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,N,DECK,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,CONT-T E103,O,48,MODERN,HIGHWAY,LONG,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,CANTILEV E97,Y,52,MODERN,HIGHWAY,?,?,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S,ARCH E96,Y,51,MODERN,RR,?,?,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,SIMPLE-T E99,M,23,MODERN,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,SIMPLE-T E98,M,22,MODERN,HIGHWAY,SHORT,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,CONT-T E81,M,14,MODERN,HIGHWAY,LONG,4,G,DECK,STEEL,LONG,F,CONT-T E80,M,19,MODERN,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,4,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,CANTILEV E88,A,37,MODERN,HIGHWAY,LONG,4,N,DECK,STEEL,LONG,F,CONT-T E82,O,42,MODERN,HIGHWAY,SHORT,?,G,THROUGH,STEEL,?,F,SIMPLE-T E102,O,47,MODERN,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,2,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,CONT-T E83,M,1,MODERN,HIGHWAY,MEDIUM,6,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,ARCH E86,A,33,MODERN,HIGHWAY,SHORT,4,G,DECK,STEEL,MEDIUM,S-F,CONT-T E85,M,9,MODERN,HIGHWAY,LONG,4,G,DECK,STEEL,LONG,F,CONT-T E84,A,24,MODERN,HIGHWAY,SHORT,6,G,THROUGH,STEEL,MEDIUM,F,ARCH E91,O,44,MODERN,HIGHWAY,LONG,6,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,ARCH E90,M,7,MODERN,HIGHWAY,SHORT,6,G,THROUGH,STEEL,LONG,F,ARCH E100,O,43,MODERN,HIGHWAY,?,?,G,?,?,?,F,? E109,A,28,MODERN,HIGHWAY,?,?,G,?,?,?,F,?